International Overview of Quantum Security: Mapping Organizations, Technologies, and Use Cases in PQC and QKD

Mabel Diz Marques Mota; João Carlos Passos; Alexandre de Santa Bárbara; Guilherme João Musse Neto; Gabrielly da Silva Roman; João Marcelo Silva Souza

doi:10.34178/jbth.v9i2.585

Mabel Diz Marques Mota
João Carlos Passos
Alexandre de Santa Bárbara
Guilherme João Musse Neto
Gabrielly da Silva Roman
João Marcelo Silva Souza

DOI: https://doi.org/10.34178/jbth.v9i2.585

Keywords: Quantum Communication, Post-Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution, PQC, QKD

Abstract

The article presents an international overview of the quantum security ecosystem, focusing on Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). The methodology involved a systematic mapping of 85 active organizations, revealing the predominance of the private sector (84.7%), with the highest concentration in the United States (30.59%) and China (14.12%). The data indicate a strong presence in the development of hybrid solutions (65.88%), which can be attributed to the pursuit of greater implementation flexibility, particularly in contexts of technological transition. These solutions are directly associated with strategic sectors such as telecommunications (31 organizations), cloud computing (17), and finance/government (16). Use cases demonstrate applications in IoT, 5G networks, blockchain, and digital identity, with notable contributions from companies such as Infineon, Toshiba, ID Quantique, CryptoNext, Microsoft, and DigiCert. Additionally, the results suggest increasing maturity, commercial expansion, and the relevance of PQC and QKD for technological resilience and sovereignty, establishing these technologies as pillars of secure digital infrastructures in the era of quantum computing.