Satellite-Based Quantum Key Distribution: Protocols, Network Architectures, and Continuous-Variable Implementation Challenges

Cássio de Castro Silva; Rodrigo Dias Paolillo; Antônio Pereira Junior; Adriane Martins Alves; Yasmin da Silva Bonfim; Paulo Monteiro de Carvalho Monson; Adler Lima Botelho de Azevedo; Luiz Fernando Taboada Gomes Amaral; Braian Pinheiro da Silva; Valéria Loureiro da Silva

doi:10.34178/jbth.v9i2.584

Cássio de Castro Silva
Rodrigo Dias Paolillo
Antônio Pereira Junior
Adriane Martins Alves
Yasmin da Silva Bonfim
Paulo Monteiro de Carvalho Monson
Adler Lima Botelho de Azevedo
Luiz Fernando Taboada Gomes Amaral
Braian Pinheiro da Silva
Valéria Loureiro da Silva

DOI: https://doi.org/10.34178/jbth.v9i2.584

Keywords: Quantum Key Distribution, Satellite, Satellite-based QKD, Free-Space Optics, Continuous-Variable QKD

Abstract

Losses and attenuation are the main limitations to implementing secure quantum networks based on fiber or free-space optical links over long distances. A hybrid satellite–ground approach offers an effective solution to overcome these constraints and achieve higher key transmission rates. This article presents a systematic review of publications on satellite quantum communication, providing an overview of quantum key distribution with satellites, the use of satellite networks with emphasis on commonly adopted orbits, and the role of satellites in such architectures. Special attention is given to the implementation of continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) in satellite-based channels, highlighting its challenges and potential for integration into future satellite-based quantum networks.